Amateka ya EXCAVATOR

Ibikoresho byacukuwe n'umucukuzi ni ubutaka, amakara, ifu, ubutaka n'amabuye nyuma yo gufungurwa mbere. Ukurikije iterambere ry'imashini z'ubwubatsi mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere ry'imashini z'ubwubatsi ririhuta cyane, kandi imashini z'ubwubatsi zabaye imwe mu mashini z'ingenzi mu bwubatsi bw'ubwubatsi.
Icyerekezo cya mbere cy’imashini zicukura: kugaragara kwa moteri zikoresha amashanyarazi na moteri zikoresha umuriro w’imbere byatumye imashini zicukura zigira ibikoresho bigezweho kandi bikwiye by’amashanyarazi, bityo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gucukura byavutse kimwe gikurikira ikindi. Mu 1899, havutse imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi za mbere. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose, moteri za mazutu nazo zakoreshejwe mu gucukura. Iyi moteri ya mazutu (cyangwa moteri y’amashanyarazi) ni yo ya mbere y’imashini zicukura.
Igisekuru cya kabiri cy’abacukuzi: Hakoreshejwe cyane ikoranabuhanga rya hydraulic, iki gikoresho cyo gucukura gifite igikoresho cyo kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa siyansi kandi bufatika. Kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa hydraulic aho kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa mashini ni intambwe ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura. Iki gikoresho cya mbere cyo gucukura ibintu mu Budage cyavutse mu 1950. Iki gikoresho cyo gucukura ibintu mu buryo bwa hydraulic ni igisekuru cya kabiri cy’abacukuzi.
Itsinda rya gatatu ry’abacukuzi: Ikoreshwa ryagutse ry’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, rituma abacukuzi bagira sisitemu yo kugenzura yikora, kandi rinatuma abacukuzi batera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’imikorere myiza, ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge. Iterambere rya mechatronics ryabaye ahagana mu 1965, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya mechatronics ku bacukuzi benshi bakozwe mu buryo bwa hydraulic ryari ahagana mu 1985, aho intego nyamukuru yari ukuzigama ingufu. Ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki mu bacukuzi ni ikimenyetso cy’icyiciro cya gatatu cy’abacukuzi.
Ibice by'ubucukuzi bigizwe ahanini n'ibice bibiri: ibice bya mekanike n'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga.
1. Ibice bya mekanike ni ibice bya mekanike gusa bitanga ubufasha bw'amashanyarazi, harimo cyane cyane pompe za hydraulic, indobo zo gufata, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, inzira, moteri, n'ibindi.
2. Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ni igice cyo kugenzura imikorere y'icyuma gicukura, gikoreshwa mu gutwara ibice bya mekanike kugira ngo bikore akazi gakwiye, cyane cyane harimo verisiyo ya mudasobwa, igenzura ry'imigendekere y'amazi, sensor y'inguni, icyuma gipima mazutu, fuse, switch y'umuriro, pompe ikoresha amavuta, n'ibindi.
Ibice bya mekanike n'igice cyo kugenzura imikorere y'imodoka biruzuzanya. Igice cyo kugenzura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga gikoreshwa mu kuyobora no guhuza imikorere myiza ya buri gice cya mekanike. Imiterere y'igice cya mekanike isubizwa ku gice cyo kugenzura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu bice bya mekanike, kugira ngo bihuze neza imikorere y'icyuma gicukura kugira ngo kigere ku musaruro mwiza w'imikorere yacyo.
Igikoresho gikora ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'icyuma gicukura amazi. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucukura ubutaka buri munsi y'ubuso buhagarara, ariko gishobora no gucukura ubutaka buri munsi y'uburebure ntarengwa bwo gukata. Uretse gucukura, gukata imiyoboro no gupakira, gishobora no gukora imirimo yoroshye yo gupima aho hantu. Igikorwa cyo gucukura kirakwiriye mu gucukura ubutaka bwo mu rwego rwa Ⅰ~Ⅳ, kandi uburyo bwo gucukura amazi cyangwa guturika burakenewe kuri Ⅴ yo mu rwego rwavuzwe haruguru.
Igikoresho gikora inyuma y'icyuma kigizwe n'icyuma gifata imiyoboro, inkoni, indobo, ibuye rikoresha icyuma gifata imiyoboro, inkoni ihuza, n'imiyoboro ya hydraulic y'igikoresho gikora harimo icyuma gifata imiyoboro, icyuma gifata imiyoboro na icyuma gifata imiyoboro.